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วันศุกร์ที่ 30 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
◄4► Awesome Engineer Action (hourtage)
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Introduction to Chemical Engineering | Lecture 5
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The copse gas architect runs the accomplished farm!
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 25 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Battlefield 3 - Conheça os Mapas - Operation Firestorm (CQ)
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วันเสาร์ที่ 24 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Create Computer Games - Get Started on Creating Your Own Virtual Worlds
วันศุกร์ที่ 23 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
UFO DISCLOSURE 2010 MUST SEE!!!
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วันอังคารที่ 20 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
DARPA Nano Air Vehicle (NAV) program
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How to Teach Your Child About Checkers
My daughter was singing with her choir, so my son and had a couple of hours to waste in Denver. We went to the Denver Public Library, and of course, my son being 6, wanted to go to the Children's library. Off we went.
As we walked in he got excited and his face lit up. He saw a giant checkers set. Each piece was about the size of one of his hands. He wanted to play. Now, I hadn't played checkers with him before, but I remembered that my grandfather taught me how to play checkers at that age. So, I gave it a try.
I didn't just tell him the rules and play. He was six and didn't have that kind of patience. I told him the first two games were just practice games. We'd play together as I explained the rules to him. He was okay with this plan, and he was happy that the first two games didn't "count."
What color do you want to be? "My grandfather told me smoke comes before fire, son, so black goes first." He liked that little mnemonic and I heard him repeating it for several days. Naturally, he wanted to be black.
Move one piece one square. You can only go diagonally. I moved a piece diagonally to show him. Then I moved a piece horizontal and vertical and said "you can't move horizontal or vertical, only diagonally, and your pieces are always on the black squares."
We moved a few pieces around and then I told him that the object of the game was to capture the other guy's pieces and have the last remaining checkers on the board. He became a little more interested. I showed him how to recognize a jump and how to take a piece.
We played along for a bit and I set up a double jump for him. Before his turn, I told him how you could take a double and triple jump and asked him if there were any spots like that on the board. He found the double jump and took it.
I eventually got a piece to the other side and had him crown my new king. Then I showed him how a king could go back and forth. He was excited about that feature and decided to get some kings.
Finally, I explained to him that once he took his finger off the piece, his move was final. So, if we wasn't sure about a move, needed to keep his finger on his checker.
That was the gist of the basic rules. We then played our first real game that "counted." I hadn't talked to him a bit about strategy yet, but he started telling me things like "well, I can't move here because you'll jump me" and "if I get a lot of kings, I should be able to win."
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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 18 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
TEam Fortress 2 ENGINEER - Asian gamer, what's nu?
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Children At Work: Looking at Child Labor in the Victorian Age
Today, it isn't that uncommon for some children and teenagers to work. They may earn extra money by baby-sitting, doing yard work, or maybe even walking dogs. Others, once they go on to high school, may go to work in their local grocery store, malls, or food chains. However, in the Victorian Age, it wouldn't seem at all strange to see children as young as five or six, go to work full-time (sometimes sixteen hours a day!) in often dangerous conditions.
As you read, ask yourself questions. Why do you think children so young were working? What type of jobs do you do for extra money? What types of jobs did the Victorian Age children have to do? What would you do to help stop child labor? How do you think your life would be different if instead of getting an education, you had to go to work in a paper mill, or on an assembly line?
Why Did it Happen?
During the first United States Census it was reported that the number of children working in 1870, equalled nearly 750,000. This only included children under the age of fifteen, and didn't count those children who were working on their family farms, or in the family's business. The number of children working continued to increase as new technology and the Industry grew. What were some of the things that caused families to send their children to work? What about the employers that hired them?
Poverty
One mother in the Victorian Age, Mrs. Smith, was quoted as saying:
"I have three children working in Wilson's mill; one 11, one 13, and the other 14. They work regular hours there. We don't complain. If they go to drop the hours, I don't know what poor people will do. We have hard work to live as it is.....My Husband is one of the same mind about it...last summer my husband was 6 weeks ill; we pledged almost all our things to live; the things are not all out of pawn yet... We complain of nothing but short wages...My children have been in the mill three years. I have no complaint to make of their being beaten...I would rather they were beaten than fined."
Another roadblock to change was that most people thought that by letting children have jobs, it would serve to help the poor families to make more money.
There were many ways that children entered the workforce. Orphaned children were often sent to a distant mill or factory owner to be fed and cared for while working to earn their keep. Others were indentured, or sold to a business owner by their parents for a certain number of years. Other, more fortunate working children lived with their families while working full-time.
Industrial Needs
While some factory owners and leaders of the industries spoke out against putting children to work so young, others hired children because they didn't have to be paid as much as adults did. Children were also hired for factory and mill jobs because many of the machines that they used were very small. Children were seen as the ideal candidates to work the machines, and to fix them when they were broken.
It's also important to remember that children were raised and treated differently in the Victorian Age. There were some employers who didn't think that there was anything wrong with hiring young children to work. They believed that by hiring these children, the children would eventually grow-up as responsible, hard workers.
However, as you will see in the next section, many of the jobs that children were hired for were often very hard, at times even dangerous.
Working for a Living
When teenagers go to work today, they can choose from many types of work. They can be cashiers, fry cooks, baby-sitters, front desk clerks, stockers or create their own lawn service. Children of the Victorian area didn't have these options.
So, what did these kids do for a living?
The most fortunate working children were hired on as apprentices for the major trades of the era. Some of these trades would include:
*Blacksmith
*Tinsmith
*Cooper
*Iron foundry
*Cobbler
*Lace making
*Leatherworking
While the children were still required to work, and sometimes required to work long hours, they were at least lucky enough to be learning a profitable trade, which offered hope to them for their future.
Younger children might have started out working as street sweepers, "scavengers" or by selling newspapers. Scavengers were children who searched through trash, rubbish and refuse for items they could sell to junk stores, or even to their neighbors. Some of these items might have included pieces of rope, or metal scraps.
Still other children were put to work in more dangerous conditions.
Glass factories
Textile mills
Coal fields/mines
Cotton mills
Shipyards
These are only a few examples of the hard work children would face, sometimes working up to ninety hours a week!!
Sometimes the children who went to work and were often away from adult supervision would fall into criminal activity. They would wind up involved in things like gambling, stealing, and sometimes even prostitution.
Making a Difference!!
Many people worked very lard and hard to help protect children from being taken advantage of by the industries. Some key people who fought to control child labor were:
Charles Loring Brace - created the Children's Aid Society
Lewis Wikes Hine - photographer who exposed the child labor problem to the public at large
President Woodrow Wilson - created the Keating-Owen Act (see below)
Lord Ashley - created the Children's Employment Commission in 1842
Charles Dickens - wrote and spoke out against child labor. For more information, read Oliver Twist
Karl Marx - helped incite public opinion
Michael Sadler - worked on the "Ten-Hour Movement"
Organizations that were involved in gathering support from individuals and law makers to control child labor include:
"Short Time Committees"
The Children's Aid Society
The National Child Labor Committee
Progress was sometimes slow, but always encouraging. Several Factory Acts (1819-1878) were created in England, which increased the minimum age of children who were able to work. Along with the Factory Acts, there was the "Ten-Hour Movement" which limited shifts to ten hours, with a weekly limit of fifty-eight hours. Other laws in England that influenced the change of child labor laws included Lord Ashley's Children's Employment Commission (1842), which was followed by the Coal Mines Act in 1843. This Act stopped the Coal Mines from hiring women, or boys under the age of ten.
In America, activists joined together in groups and coalitions to work for labor law and reform, or change. They received a small victory in 1916, when President Woodrow Wilson created the Keating-Owen Act, which banned the interstate (between two or more states) sale of any items produced by child labor. However, this Act was later found to be unconstitutional. The real victory came in the year 1938, with the Fair Labor Standards Act. This Act created a national minimum wage and set the national working age to sixteen (eighteen if the job was dangerous). Children aged 14 and 15 were allowed to work under certain conditions and fields of work, but only after school hours.
Because of the efforts of the Victorian people and the new laws it created for the children of England and America, child labor isn't as large of a problem....for us. But child labor hasn't disappeared! According to some recent surveys and studies done by the International Labor Office, it was estimated that there are about 250,000,000 kids between five and fourteen working. Of these children, 120,000,000 are working full-time, often in dangerous conditions. Take some time to think of ways that you can help with the modern day global child labor reform!!
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วันศุกร์ที่ 16 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Kinect + Garry's Mod
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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 15 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Rocket Queen Appetite For Destruction Guns 'N' Roses
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วันอังคารที่ 13 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Reeps One - New School Freestyle
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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 11 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Imagining the Tenth Dimension - Polish subtitles
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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 8 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
How I met an Alien - Out 1x08
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วันอังคารที่ 6 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Hak5 - Episode 3x07
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วันจันทร์ที่ 5 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
LEGO Battleship YAMATO
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วันเสาร์ที่ 3 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
A added ecological cremation
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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 1 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
How Safe is the Lowly Go Kart? An Engineer Reveals the Inside Facts That Will Surprise You
Kids (little kids and big "kids") all find the sport of Karting to be fun and exciting, but it is really safe?
When you're going around a curve at full throttle, it seems dangerous -- that's part of what makes it fun. The danger (or perceived danger) adds to the enjoyment of driving a go kart the same as it does for a lot of other adventures -- sky diving, bungee jumping, hang gliding, etc.
But when it comes to karting is it really dangerous?
There's no shortage of stories about people getting hurt (thought usually not seriously) while racing go carts. Of course, there are a lot more accidents resulting in injuries in off-road karting than there is on go-kart tracks.
The tracks that are designed for speed put power on the tracks so the go-kart will slide as it goes around the curves. This lets you go faster and adds to the thrill, but it doesn't make it more dangerous -- it just seems dangerous.
A track is by design, very safe. You can't hit anything hard and if you have a helmet and keep your hands and fingers on the wheel, about the only thing likely to be injured is your ego when you get beat.
Racing go-karts is a sport where women really can compete against men because even thought you have to be competitive and mentally strong, you don't have to be physically strong.
Bottom line: As an engineer and someone who has enjoyed go karts for years, I can assure you it's a safe sport. So, if you're thinking about getting into karting (for yourself or your kids), forget about the dangers -- there aint' none. The fact is that IF you stay on properly designed tracks and as long as you use a little common sense, it just looks (and feels) like it's dangerous.
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